Thursday, October 31, 2019

Minsheng bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minsheng bank - Essay Example The regulation of various industries by the government is intended to influence the manner in which an economy is run. The banking industry in China is highly regulated by the Chinese government, but this does not rule out the coexistence of both public and private sectors in the Chinese economy. Minsheng bank operates alongside state-owned banks which constitute the basis in which Minsheng and other private commercial banks are regulated in China. The effects of government regulation impact differently on different enterprises, companies, or organizations. Government regulation has its benefits and shortcomings. On the positive side, the imposition of regulations by the government does not only protect consumer interests, but also the interests of all players and stakeholders in the industry. The consumer is safeguarded from exploitation by the operating enterprises. On the other hand, government regulation creates cohesion in the industry, making it possible for the markets involved to exhibit fair competition. Such moves treat all players in the industry equally, thereby enhancing economic growth and development in regard to the contribution of all operational firms in the industry. On the other hand, government regulation curtails the full potential of an enterprise. It limits the expansion capacity of a company, in the event that the company’s expansion strategies are not consistent with the government’s provisions at that time. Government regulation also interferes with market autonomy and free market activities, thus limiting the liberalization factor in the global arena. In this respect, the public sector appears to be relatively favored by the government due to the priorities it is accorded within the regulation process. In the light of government regulation, another significant business strategy emerges in the global banking industry; acquisition. The substantial regulation of Chinese markets and

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Essay Example for Free

Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Essay Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Nowadays, over 73 million of sharks of various species are being caught and killed worldwide each year due to the increasing demand for shark fin. Shark finning is the behavior where fishermen cut off the shark’s fin and throw the bodied back to the ocean aimed to get the maximum profit. Decades ago, when shark fin became the status symbols, the demand of it is increasing rapidly. Despite the high profit of shark fin trade, however, sharks finning should be stopped aim to meet the requirement for natural resources in next generation. In this essay, I will argue why the shark finning should be stopped. The first reason why shark finning should be stopped is that shark species is one necessary part of ecosystems. Sharks are the top level species of the marine ecological pyramids and related to humanity closely. It means that sharks enjoy the important position of maintaining the marine ecosystems. If there are a huge amount of sharks be killed, it will lead to quite a large number of small and medium-sized fishes loss of natural enemies and growing rapidly, thus seriously destroy the balance of marine ecosystems. For example, the decrease of sharks in Tasmania has led to the significant increase of the octopus, due to the octopuses prey on lobsters, the fisheries in that area has crumbled. Sharks are the dominant part which can remove the diseased animals and maintain the balance of predators and prey in marine ecosystems. Furthermore, marine ecosystems are significant to globe environment, although scientists haven’t find out the fully impacts of shark’s extinction for humanity, there is obviously that the global disaster is coming. Furthermore, shark finning should be stopped not only due to shark finning will harm for shark species but also bad for humanity. Shark fin trade has attractive profit but humanity will pay a lot for shark’s extinction more than the profits they can earn. Besides the effects of shark finning in ecosystems, scientist also mentioned that shark fin contain high levels of mercury which can directly damage the central nervous system. According to Eilperin (2011), While many consumersespecially in Chinaview shark meat and fins as nutritious, sharks are likely to contain high levels of mercury because they are large, slow-growing fish that consume other fish as their prey, which allows mercury to build up in their muscle tissues. (p. 78) It’s obviously that shark fin has symbolized wealth ince hundred years ago; its value is in psychology instead in physics. There is no doubt that shark fin as the luxury food symbol in tradition society, is predicted to place rising pressure on available resources based on the expanding consumer purchasing capability (Clarke et al. , 2007). Due to the fact that shark finning is the behavior not only harm for environment but bad for humanity, it should be stopped and banned immediately. As I mentioned before, after the shark fin be cut off, the body of shark which is basically worthless will be threw back to the ocean. And the shark which has lost their measure of mobility will be taken by other species or bleeds to death (Jennifer, n. d. ). So you may ask why people do not use the entire shark to gain more profit, but the answer, which is no doubt that shark’s fin soup is the best tool of gaining highest profit. Shark’s meat and bone are not be focused by fishermen and business men but shark fin. Since several hundred years age, shark fin soup already became the necessary dish in the big events even though the price of shark fin soup is 100 dollar or more for a bowl. And the demand of shark fin is constant growing although it charges a high price. For instance, the shark fin trade is steady increasing in five percent per year in the late 1990s (with the exception of 1998 when the Asian financial crisis caused depressing sales) and the beginning of twenty-first century (Eilperin, 2010). Though the large amount of shark fin soup, a dish without cooking value and taste, we can know that it is just symbol, no substance. Actually, the pursuit of shark fin is a sightless and erroneous mentality which has lasted a long time especially in China. As the saying goes frugality is a virtue, shark finning as a stunning extravagant behavior should be stopped and banned. With the growing economics technology in China even in the world, people have more qualifications to concerned about their health and environment protection; therefore, people should be more rational to consider the cost of shark finning. As the valued traditional Chinese lifestyle, balance and moderation also can be used to take pride and honor in rebuilding a balance to ecosystem by quitting shark finning (Why shark fin, n. d. ).

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Center Construction

Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Center Construction Timber: Cut it from the trees, very strong, cut it with long pieces and can reduce the length easily We can use for all building no specific place, we use timber because it is strength enough Clay: One of oldest building s materials, among other ancient, naturally occurring geologic material such as stone Almost clay is used as a roof. We use it because it saves energy and emissions Coconut palm Wood: we can bring it from natural, strong and flexible at the same timeUse it in the flooring, we use it because it is the cheapest type of wood Straw: It’s a product, can use for insulation and construction purposes Placed in bales and stacked into walls, we use straw because it is helping the environment tremendously and safe the budget Cork: Unique material, bring it from Portugal, natural resourceWe can use it as bricks if we mix it with water Adobe: Made of clay and dirt, mix it with water o form itUse for a full building not in specific place, we use it because it is easy to make and its almost natural friend material Hemp: It is plant. We get it from the natural, used for insulation Put it in the form of block to provide thermal insulation, we use it to protect the interior of a building from summers hot Bamboo: Natural friend material, less cost, long life. It is a perfect flooring material, we use it because it save our money and protect our planet from any pollution Recycled rubber: Renewable source, from rubber tree, not expensive, used for modern buildings Can used in flooring for building, we use it because its rubber in itself is a renewable resource which is sustainable â€Å"Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Center (MCEC)† In these days must be on the world development in the construction method so came science and the human mind in this way, a sustainable building, sustainable building is to build a way environmentally friendly is not contaminated in any way because of this construction is based on materials and natural elements that do not affect the environment in any way this is easy bit we produce here from recycled or renewable sources, and one of these sustainable building is Melbourne convention center which is in Australia and it is the first convention city in the world. â€Å"Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Center (MCEC)† it is two adjacent buildings next to †the Yara River in South Wharf, an inner-city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia†. â€Å"Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Trust† is the owner and manager. â€Å"The Melbourne Exhibition Center Trust† was made in â€Å"August 1994† with the obligation of supervising the development and improvement of â€Å"the Melbourne Exhibition Center†. On â€Å"5 February 1997 the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Trust† started, supplanting the past trust with the included extent of â€Å"the Melbourne Convention Center†, once called the World Congress â€Å"Center Melbourne. In August 1997 the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Trust† got to be manager and venue director of both the â€Å"Melbourne Exhibition Center and the Melbourne Convention Center†. (Eco-friendlyhouses.blogspot.com, 2015) It Is also responsible for managing, promoting, and the use of the Royal Exhibition building in the Carlton Gardens. As a government-owned trust, â€Å"The Melbourne Convention and Exhibition† Trust is responsible to the Minister for Tourism The building is essentially a since quite a while ago shed which has differentiated operable dividers â€Å"(every esteemed at $250,000)†. This permits the space to be part from a most extreme of â€Å"30,000 square meters of 360 meters in length by 84 meters wide into at least 3,000 square meter spaces†. The single volume with an extent of length to width of â€Å"more or less 2.5:1 was picked†. Other than the show space, the building additionally has a cellar that has the â€Å"capacity hold 1,000 vehicles† (Wikipedia, 2015). From the primary passageway, guests would have the capacity to see the â€Å"450 meters† southward vista of the concourse and the mezzanine overhangs. On the first carpet of the section structure and stretching out along the mezzanine stage, there are meeting and capacity rooms which differentiates the twofold tallness lobby and concourse. Some have extensive windows disregarding the presentation. â€Å"The Melbourne Exhibition Center was to be fabricated bigger than the Sydney Exhibition Building while as yet costing the same† (Wikipedia, 2015). The building has turned into a symbol in Melbourne because of the primary passageway which comprises of metal cutting edges tilted at an edge and bolstered by a couple of yellow poles which is difficult to miss even among its more conspicuous neighbors. The site for the Exhibition Center was beforehand the site for Daryl Jacksons Museum of Victoria. â€Å"The brief obliged DCM to work with the incompletely constructed solid structure† (Eco-friendlyhouses.blogspot.com, 2015). As indicated by Melbourne engineer and commentator Norman Day, â€Å"the section free space could be related to the Russian Constructivist of the 1920s, for example, the Vesnin brothers Kiev line station plot 1926†. An alternate connection to the Russian Constructivist is the cantilevered structure upheld by yellow steel props and in addition the extensive metal letters orchestrated over the highest point of the passage. The building consists of two different roof designs which are calculated at distinctive bearings. This was because of the aim to make two distinctive effective spaces which is the show space and the general population space (concourse of the building). By this technique, the engineers figure out how to make two separate situations, one which is an encased presentation space and an alternate is the concourse which is interested in people in general. Because of the brief that obliged the building to be developed in a short measure of time and spare cost, a dreary arrangement of indistinguishable trusses clad in aluminum sheet were utilized. On top of that, the trusses must be strong with a specific end goal to give sound separation starting with one corridor then onto the next. In the meantime, to lessen the compass, and to solidify them along the side, the designers decreased them in cross segment. The two lines of segments that are placed in the verandah (the buildings long facade confronting the waterway) are expected to give an unpretentious detachment of the inside and outside of the building. The sharpened pieces of steels which are placed along the concourse are hued in a progression of Francis-Bacon-motivated hues, with corridor numbers stenciled on. This fills as a twofold need of interspersing the direct volume and marking the corridors. The air motion facilitating treatment of the corridor overhang, which scatters wind, impacted an alternate Melbourne draftsman, Peter Elliott, in the outline of the Spencer Street Footbridge in1999. â€Å"The Melbourne Exhibition Center was recompensed the Sir Zelman Cowen Award for open construction modeling in 1996† (Eco-friendlyhouses.blogspot.com, 2015). â€Å"The old Convention Center on the inverse side of the Yarra River was opened in May 1990 and has facilitated a great many traditions and gatherings† (Peterbennetts.com, 2015). The building was initially expected to be utilized by the Melbourne Museum yet Jeff Kennett interceded amid development to have the building utilized as a tradition focus. â€Å"The new Convention Center, ashore neighboring the Exhibition Center, finished in 2009. At an expense of a$1 billion, the improvement comprises of a 5541 seat Plenary Hall that can be isolated into three different theaters, 32 meeting rooms of different sizes, a thousand dining rooms and also a Hilton inn, office, private and retail space. It was created by a consortium drove by Brookfield Multiplex and Plenary Group and outlined by Larry Oltmanns† (YouTube, 2015). The new focus utilizes a scope of highlights as a part of request to accomplish a 6 Star Green Star ecological rating and to turn into the first tradition focus on the planet with that rating. The planners for the improvement were NH Architecture and Woods Begot. â€Å"The new Melbourne Convention Center was honored the Australian Construction Achievement Award in 2010† (YouTube, 2015). The two lines of segments that are placed in the verandah (the developings long outside conflicting with the conductor) are obliged to give a legitimate partition of inside and outside of the building. The sharpened bits of steels which are situated along the concourse are shaded in a development of Francis-Bacon-impelled tints, with passage numbers stenciled on. This fills as a twofold need of sprinkling the direct volume and signifying the ways. The air development empowering treatment of the passage overhang, which disseminates wind, influenced an alternate Melbourne craftsman, Peter Elliott, in the system of the Spencer Street Footbridge in 1999. The honed bits of steels which are put along the concourse are shaded in a movement of Francis-Bacon-stirred shades, with anteroom numbers stenciled on. This fills as a twofold need of blending the direct volume and denoting the halls. The air development advanced treatment of the passage covering, which scrambles wind, influenced another Melbourne originator, Peter Elliott, in the setup of the Spencer Street Footbridge in 1999. To conclude we have to make this building as a target to make all the buildings all over the world as good as Melbourne convention and exhibition center because they use sustainable materials to build it, so it is a natural friend building they use many sustainable materials such as timber that we can get it from cutting the trees they use timber because it is very strong material. And they use straw that they place it in bales and stacked into walls to provide insulation for the building, and use adobe to that is made of clay and dirt and they mix it with water to form it. This way of build is helping us and help the nature from global warming; Because this phenomenon is a threat to our earth, because the ozone layer becomes weak day after day and the holes in the ozone layer becomes more which leads to the melting of icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic, leading to rising water level in the sea, and this certainly will cause the sinking of some cities coastal. In near future most o f the buildings all over the world will be sustainable buildings because most of the used sustainable materials are coming from the nature and some of them is renewable and the great reason is these materials are nature friend and it doesn’t harm our mother earth. All in all technology for building improve every day and the technology will not reach to specific point, and these time the technology depends on the materials that they are coming from the nature and also looking for renewable sources to use it for ever and these two properties we can found it in the most sustainable materials.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Rain Forest :: essays research papers

Long ago, the Earth had a green belt of rain forests around its middle that covered almost twelve percent of the earth's land surface.(Miller & Berry 3) Today, the rain forest covers two percent of the earth's land surface and it is declining rapidly. The following will be a description of the rain forest, factors in its destruction, and if there are any answers to slow or halt the process. "Today, as we enter the last decade of the twentieth century, we have reached a turning point; we can no longer use the excuse of ignorance."(Hammond 2) People need to try harder to stop rain forest depletion. There are two major areas on earth where rain forests are located. One of these areas is called "The Old World Tropics," which includes Africa and Asia. In Africa, the rain forests are primarily located around the Zaire river. The other area in which rain forests are located is called "The New World Tropics," which contains Central and South America. The New World tropics are in lower altitudes as opposed to the Old World tropics, which are at higher altitudes. Rain forests are located around the equator. This location of the rain forests makes them warm and humid all year round. There are never cold winters in the rain forests. During winter in the rain forests, people comfortably are able to wear T-shirts and shorts. The rain forest has a rainy season which usually lasts most of the year. "The rain forests of the world are home to more than half of the animal species that live on earth."(CSIRO 1) Many of these creatures are some of the most beautiful and odd creatures in the world, Such as the large rodent Capybara, the Anteater, and many different colorful exotic birds. There are many beautiful creatures living in our Earth's rain forests. Many people are ignorant to the effects of rain forest depletion on our environment, and this ignorance is a major cause in the beginning of the destruction of the rain forests. "Eu ropean settlers exploited the rain forests for timber and cleared them for agricultural purposes."(Parish 4) "The name scrub, which was originally applied to the rain forest by European settlers, became a term for land seen as useless until subject to ax, fire, and plough."(Parish 4) People did not think of the affects on the environment because the little knowledge that was known about the affects was not very widespread.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Psychology Essay

1. Describe each of the four kinds of people who intentionally end their lives: death seekers, death initiators, death ignorers, and death darers (about a half-page response). Death seekers are individuals who clearly seek to end their lives.   They are serious about committing suicide; it is not a cry for attention on their parts.   Death initiators are those who believe that they are already in the process of dying.   Some death initiator might be those who are chronically ill or those who have been seriously injured and see no method of cure or healing in their expected life spans.   By contrast, death ignorers do not believe that they will truly â€Å"end† with their deaths.   For such people, dying is merely a step toward another plane of existence upon which they feel that they will be free of pain or illness.   Finally, death darers â€Å"dare† their death to occur through their actions.   They are uncertain about actually committing suicide and take actions that may or may not result in their deaths. 2. Define and Discuss Gender Identity Disorder (about a quarter-page response). Gender Identity Disorder is a rare; it has no single known cause. It may be caused by abnormal chromosomes, hormone imbalances during pregnancy and in childhood, or psychological disorders created by poor relationship formation (WebMD, 2008, par. 2-3).   This disorder results in the individual feeling great discomfort in his or her own body and the desire to live as a member of the opposite sex.   People with Gender Identity Disorder may merely dress as the opposite sex or they may have their bodies surgically altered (WebMD, 2008, par. 2, 4). 3. Describe residual schizophrenia and be very detailed with your response (about a quarter-page response). Residual schizophrenia is what occurs in individuals with chronic schizophrenia, following the disappearance of â€Å"positive† symptoms in which the individual experiences â€Å"heightened† or â€Å"excessive† bodily functions (Epigee, 2008). These symptoms might include hallucinations, feelings of persecution or other â€Å"false beliefs about [their] physical state (somatic delusions) or [they] may feel that [they] have special abilities or powers (delusions of grandeur)† (Epigee, 2008, â€Å"Positive Symptoms†).   Instead, individuals experiencing residual schizophrenia have â€Å"negative† symptoms.   They might refuse to speak or withdraw form social experiences (Epigee, 2008).

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Mother Tongue and Foreign Language Learning Essay

These five basic theories are, furthermore, very much complementary to each other, serving different types of learners or representing various cases of language learning. They must not automatically make us presume that first and second language learning are identical or alike processes, though second language learning is strongly tied up with first language acquisition. Obviously, native language growth must pave the way for foreign language growth. Then these five basic language learning theories are fundamental pillars of language learning whose relevance to education is undeniable. The Principle of the Behaviorist Theory The behaviorist theory believes that â€Å"infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice. Human role models in an infant’s environment provide the stimuli and rewards,† (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004). When a child attempts oral language or imitates the sounds or speech patterns they are usually praised and given affection for their efforts. Thus, praise and affection becomes the rewards. However, the behaviorist theory is scrutinized for a variety of reasons. If rewards play such a vital component in language development, what about the parent who is inattentive or not present when the child attempts speech? If a baby’s language learning is motivated strictly by rewards would the speech attempts stop merely for lack of rewards (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004)? Other cases against this theory include â€Å"learning the use and meaning of abstract words, evidence of novel forms of language not modeled by others, and uniformity of language acquisition in humans† (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004). The Background of the Behaviorist Theory I) Behaviorist theory dwells on spoken language. That is, primary medium of language is oral: speech is language because there are many languages without written forms, because we learn to speak before we learn to read and write. Then, language is primarily what is spoken and secondarily what is written. That’s why spoken language must have a pri ¬ority in language teaching. 2)Behaviorist theory is the habit formation theory of language teaching and learning, reminding us the learning of structural grammar. Language learning concerns us by â€Å"not problem-solving but the in ¬formation and performance of habits† (Nelson Brooks, 1960; 46-47). In other words, language learning is a mechanical process leading the learners to habit formation whose underlying scheme is the conditioned reflex. Thus it is definitely true that language is controlled by the con ¬sequences of behavior. 3)The stimulus-response chain, Response, is a pure ease of conditioning. Behaviorist learning theory â€Å"emphasizes conditioning and building from the simplest conditioned responses to more and more complex behaviors† (David S. Palermo, 1978; 19-20). This comes to mean that clauses and sentences are learned linearly as longer and lon ¬ger stimulus-response chains, produced in a left-to right series of sequence like as probabilistic incidents, which are basically Markov’s processes. Each stimulus is thus thc caser of a response, and each response becomes the initiator of a stimulus, and this process goes on and on in this way. 4) All learning is the establishment of habits as the result of rein ¬forcement and reward. Positive reinforcement is reward while negative reinforcement is punishment. In a stimulus situation, a response is exer ¬ted, and if the response is positively augmented by a reward, then the association between the stimulus and response is itself reinforced and thus the response will very likely be manipulated by every appearance of stimulus. The result will yield conditioning. When responses to stimuli are coherently reinforced, then habit formation is established. It is be ¬cause of this fact that this theory is termed habit-formation-by-reinfor ¬cement theory. 5) The learning, due to its socially-conditioned nature, can be the same for each individual. In other words, each person can learn equally if the conditions in which the learning takes place are the same for each person. The behaviorist theory believes that â€Å"infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice. Human role models in an infant’s environment provide the stimuli and rewards,† (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004). When a child attempts oral language or imitates the sounds or speech patterns they are usually praised and given affection for their efforts. Thus, praise and affection becomes the rewards. However, the behaviorist theory is scrutinized for a variety of reasons. If rewards play such a vital component in language development, what about the parent who is inattentive or not present when the child attempts speech? If a baby’s language learning is motivated strictly by rewards would the speech attempts stop merely for lack of rewards (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004)? Other cases against this theory include â€Å"learning the use and meaning of abstract words, evidence of novel forms of language not modeled by others, and uniformity of language acquisition in humans† (Cooter & Reutzel, 2004). Behaviorist theory, which is basically a psychological theory in its essence, founded by J. B. Watson, is actually a theory of native language learning, advanced in part as a reaction to traditional grammar. The supporters of this theory are Leonard Bloomfield, O. N. Mowrer, B. F. Skinner, and A. W. Staats. Behaviorism was advanced in America as a new approach to psychology in the early decades of the 20th-century by making a particular emphasis on the importance of verbal behavior, and received a considerable trust from the educational world of 1950s. The major principle of the behaviorist theory rests on the analyses of human behavior in observable stimulus-response interaction and the association between them. E. L. T. Thorndike was the first behaviorist to explore the area that learning is the establishment of associations on particular process of behavior and consequences of that behavior. Basically, â€Å"the behaviorist theory of stimulus-response learning, particularly as developed in the operant conditioning model of Skinner, considers all learning to be the establishment of habits as a result of reinforcement and reward† (Wilga Rivers, 1968, 73). This is very reminiscent of Pavlov’s experiment which indicates that stimulus and response work together. According to this category, the babies obtain native language habits via varied babblings which resemble the appropriate words repeated by a person or object near him. Since for his babblings and mutterings he is rewarded, this very reward reinforces further articulations of the same sort into grouping of syllables and words in a similar situation. In this way, he goes on emitting sounds, groups of sounds, and as he grows up he combines the sentences via generalizations and analogy (as in *goed for went, *doed, for did, so on), which in some complicated cases, condition him to commit errors by articulating in permissible structures in speech. By the age of five or six, or babblings and mutterings grow into socialized speech but little by little they are internalized as implicit speech, and thus many of their utterances become indistinguishable from the adults. This, then, obviously, means that behaviorist theory is a theory of stimulus-response psychology. â€Å"Through a trial-and-error process, in which acceptable utterances are reinforced by comprehension and approval, and un acceptable utterances are inhibited by the lack of reward, he gradually learns to make finer and finer discriminations until his utterances approximate more and more closely the speech of the community in which he is growing up (Wilga M. Rivers, 1968; 73). To put it in other words, children develop a natural affinity to learn the language of their social surroundings whose importance both over language learning and teaching must never be underestimated. In this respect behaviorist theory stresses the fact that â€Å"human and animal learning is a process of habit formation. A highly complex learning task, according to this theory may be learned by being broken’ down into smaIl habits. These are formed correct or incorrect responses, are rewarded or, punished, respectively ‘. (Hubbard Jones and Thornton Wheeler, 1983; 326). Thus it is clear that the acquisition of learning in infancy is governed the acquisition of other habits. Basic Tenents of Behaviorist Theory The following principles illustrate the operating principles of behaviorism: Counterarguments on Behaviorist Theory of Language Learning Needless to say, language teaching anticipates certain theories on language learning because language learning as a fruitful area that embodies the working of human behavior and mental processes of the learners. Each theory may not be complete model for the investigation of language learning. The following counter-arguments can be made upon the working principles of behaviorist theory: 1) Basic strategies of language learning within the scope of behaviorist theory are imitation, reinforcement, and rewarding. However, researches made on the acquisition of learning have demonstrated that children’s imitation of structures show evidence of almost no innovation; moreover children â€Å"vary considerably in the amount that they imitate† (L. M. Bloom, L. Hood, and P. L. Lightbown, 1974; 380-420). Since children do not imitate such structures like words, phrases, clauses and sentences at the same rate they will naturally learn at different rates even though it must be admitted that imitation is very useful in the acquisition of new vocabulary items. As for reinforcement, â€Å"Unfortunately this view of learning receives little support from the available evidence† (Herbert H. Clark and Eve V. Clark, 1977; 336), for the parents only correct the sample structures, and complex structures are occasionally corrected. 2) In behaviorist theory, the process of learning relies more on generalization, rewarding, conditioning, three of which support the development of analogical learning in children. But it can be argued that a process of learning or teaching that encourages the learner to construct phrases, clauses and sentences modeled on previously settled set of rules and drills is thought to obstruct the instinctive production of language. Then, habit formation exercises may not naturally promote intrinsically oriented language learning. 3) Obstructions made on instinctively-based learning will doubtedlessly harm the creative way of learning. It takes a long time to be capable enough to master a language at least a bit intrinsically. There is a threshold level in language learning. This means that learners must learn consciously supported by repetition and drilling to build up an effective linguistic intuition, acquisition of which marks the establishment of threshold level. Before obtaining the threshold level, the language learner is not creative, cannot use the language properly in new situations in a real sense. it is, then, obvious that the intrinsic learning will be delayed, owing to the Iate acquisition of threshold level because of previously settled set of rules and drills. 4) The rate of social influence on learning is not satisfactorily explained. To what extent and rate, does the social surrounding promote language learning? This question remains unexplained. 5) It is highly unlikely for learning to be the same for each individual; that is, each person cannot learn equally well in the same conditions in which learning takes place, for the background and the experience of the learners make everybody learn differently. In addition, according to Chomsky, there must be some innate capacities which human beings possess that predispose them to look for basic patters in language. 6) The main strategies of the behaviorist theory can only be true for the early stages of learning which takes place when the kids are in infancy and in early childhood periods. Moreover, this theory is fruitful for the most part on animal experimentation and learning. 7) Many of the learning processes are mostly too complex, and for this reason there are intervening variable s, which cannot be observed between stimulus and response. â€Å"That’s why, language acquisition cannot take place through habit formation, since language learners are thrown between stimulus and response chain, for language is too far complicated to be learned in such a matter, especially given the brief time available. CONCLUSION It is clear that language learning and its development, for the behaviorists, is a matter of conditioning by means of imitation, practice, reinforcement, and habituation, which constitute the paces of language acquisition. It must be born in mind that all behavioristic theories of learning are associationistic, including Thorndike’s, Guthrie’s, Hull’s, Skinner’s, and the theory of the school of functionalism. Apparently, behaviorism has its shortcomings, but it cannot be denied that learning process is for the most part a behavioristic processing, a verbal behavior. In language teaching area, behaviorism establishes the basic background of exercises, either oral or written in viewing language as stimulus and response. In addition, it gives a great deal of insight into the recognition of the use of controlled observation to discover the laws of behavior. It has exerted a great impact by influencing many teaching methods on the area of language teaching, for example, Audiolingual Method, Total Physical Response, and Silent Way embody the behaviorist view of language; also, British Structuralism has created the theory of language called Situational Language Teaching. In a word behaviorist theory aims at discovering behavioral justifications for designing language teaching in certain ways, being a hub a of many language teaching and learning theories. It must not be forgotten that it has given a push for the creation of empiricist language learning which became very fashionable in U . S. A. and in Europe. BIBLlOGRAPHY Bloom, L. M. (1974). â€Å"Imitations in Language Development: If, When, and Why†, â€Å"Cognitive Psychology†, pp. 380-420. Brooks, Nelson (1960). â€Å"Language and Language Learning†. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Clark, Herbert and Eve Clark (1977). â€Å"Language and Psychology: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics†. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich. Jones, Hubbard and Thornton Wheeler (1983). † A Training Course for TEFL†. Oxford University Press. Palermo, David S. (1978). â€Å"Psychology of Language†. Dallas: Scott, Foresman and Co. Rivers, M. Wilga (1968). â€Å"Teaching Foreign Language Skills†. Chicago: Chicago University Press.